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1972 | 1974 | 1975 | 1976 | 1977 | 1978 | 1979 | 1980 | 1981 |
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1972
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The Origins of the International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
(IJOMS)
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When the IAOS was first organized, specialty journals on oral surgery were published only in Germany, USA, England and Japan. These journals accepted contributions from foreign oral surgeons as a courtesy and as their own needs occasionally required. This was not deemed as a satisfactory recourse for original work by the Fellowship. With the rapid development of the specialty all over the world and the need for current information, the amount of scientific material on oral surgery being developed in many countries became more than the existing journals could absorb. It was felt the new readers and authors would want equal rights and influence on their journal as German, North American, British and Japanese oral surgeons enjoyed. The science of oral surgery would have to be available internationally and no longer as a provincial national interest.
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The Executive Committee gave thought in 1967 and 1970 to the idea of a World Journal of Oral Surgery to be made up of the existing journals in the English, German and Japanese languages. There would be separate sections for each group with its own editorial hoard. Difficulties developed quickly and it was seen there were intricate and impossible matters to resolve in bringing together already successful journals amid the project was abandoned early. The Executive Committee in 1971 then looked into the possibility of creating an International Journal of Oral Surgery and several publishers were approached. There was economic risk involved for publishers but Jorgen Rud finally found interest locally and reached an agreement with Munksgaard Publishers in Copenhagen to enter the venture with publication of six issues a year. .
In the contract with Munksgaard, it was agreed that the IAOS would decide the editorial policy and appoint the Editor-in-Chief and Editorial Board. Up to six pages of news and announcements from the IAOS and affiliated national associations could be published in the Journal. A reduced price for subscription to the Journal by IAOS Fellows was agreed upon. Royalties would be paid to the IAOS at a rate negotiated periodically with the publisher.
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There was great pride in the design of the original front cover of the Journal by Claus Acton Fruis, professor of graphic design at the Royal Academy of Art in Copenhagen. He had also designed the Coat-of-Arms of the Danish Queen and the Danish State. The cover design was quite striking and it existed through 1985.
As the first Editor-in-Chief, Jens J. Pindborg (Denmark), a good writer and an oral pathologist of international renown, was appointed by the Executive Committee. The first issue of the Journal was published on June 8, 1972. According to prior agreements. Pindborg was to serve only three years through 1974, but the Executive Committee prevailed on him to work one additional year through 1975 when he resigned.
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The first Journal editions dealt with clinical research as well as with basic research related to the field of oral surgery. Also new advances in surgical techniques would be the subject for original reports and the allied specialties, such as anesthesiology, oral medicine, and oral pathology, were to be covered as well, emphasizing the pertinence of those subjects to oral surgery.
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IAOS Contributes to the 50th World Dental Congress of the FDI
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In connection with the affiliation of the IAOS to the Federation Dentaire INternationale (FDI), the International Association was invited to cooperate in the promotion of the scientific program of the FDI’s 50th World Dental Congress, which was held in Mexico in October 1972.
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Membership
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Fellowship in the IAOS continued to increase in 1972 with 938 Fellows from 46 countries. Newly affiliated to the IAOS was the Colegio Brasileiro de Cirurgia e Traumatologia Buco-Maxilo-Facial.
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1974 |
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5th ICOS Held in Madrid
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5th ICOS Poster, Madrid, Spain
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Victor M. Sada was Chairman of the Organizing Committee of the 5th ICOS, which was held in Madrid, Spain. The event featured to pre-conference courses under Dr. Sada’s direction at the La Paz Hospital: “Surgical Management of Impacted Teeth,” and “Osteotomies for the surgical correction of maxillary and mandibular deformities. The scientific topics of the conference covered the tongue and facial asymmetry. A report of the activities of the Conference was given in the International Journal of Oral Surgery, together with 29 papers presented at the scientific sessions by speakers from 11 countries.
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The Council reviewed all ICOS from 1962-1974 with a 1974 News Sheet report that included the following: “It is of the opinion that the International Association should in future plan less lavish conferences and endeavor to budget on a lower figure than has been the case in respect of previous Conferences.”
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Workshop on the Training of Oral Surgeons Held
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In connection with the 5th ICOS, a three-day workshop on the training of oral surgeons throughout the world was held, chaired by Sir Terence Ward. For the workshop, material on oral surgery training was collected from 24 countries and discussed between representatives from all affiliated national associations and Professors Hahn and Caruso. A final report was prepared by Mr. Ward and sent to all affiliated national associations and to all IAOS Fellows. This first successful discussion was followed up by the formation of an Education subcommittee, which was given the task of continuously recording what is happening in the various countries with regard to oral surgery training. The Committee would organize a session at the next ICOS where the subject would be dealt with.
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New Honorary Fellows
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His Royal Highness Prince Juan Carlos of Spain and Sir Terence Ward of England were appointed Honorary Fellows of the IAOS in 1974. With the previously appointed Honorary Fellows, His Royal Highness Prince Bernhard of the Netherlands and Fred Henny of the USA, this brought the total number of Honorary Fellows in the IAOS to four.
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Prince Juan Carlos, Spain
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Sir Terence Ward, England
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Membership
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Total Fellowship of the IAOS in 1974 was 1,048. Of these, 103 were Life Fellows. National OMS associations that received approval for affiliation to the IAOS in 1974 were Hungary, Mexico, and Venezuela.
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Jorgen Rud Takes Over IAOS Leadership
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Jorgen Rud (Denmark) was a skilled organizer and an important early ally of Mr. Ward in movement of IAOS activity. He succeeded Mr. Ward as Secretary-General in 1974 and served with distinction in this capacity for six years, 1974-1980.
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Jorgen Rud (Denmark), Secretary-General 1974-1980.
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IAOS Secretariat Moved to Copenhagen
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The Secretariat was moved to Copenhagen where the DIS-Congress Service, which had helped organize the II ICOS, placed one of its secretaries, Mrs. Jennifer Langeskov, and all of its facilities at the Secretariat’s command. The organization of a well-running Secretariat was becoming an increasingly complex job which would require significant changes to its make-up several years hence.
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News Sheet Discontinued
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When the International Journal of Oral Surgery (IJOS) was established in 1973, it was felt that news from the IAOS and the affiliated national associations could be published in the Journal. The News Sheet was therefore given up. Later, it was realized that not all Fellows subscribed to the Journal and that a direct communication with all IAOS Fellows was needed. Accordingly, the News Sheet was reintroduced in 1974 with a new name, IAOMS Newsletter.
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Court of Patrons Established
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A “Court of Patrons” was established in 1974 in order to recognize the assistance rendered by companies to the IAOS. The conditions for eligibility for election will be companies that have displayed a continuing interest in, and rendered outstanding support to those engaged in the specialty of oral surgery. The first two companies elected to the Court were Proctor and Gamble and Downe Bros.
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Executive Committee Size Increased
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With the increase in the number of Fellows and of representatives of affiliated national associations on Council, the Executive Committee membership was increased to five members and a system of rotation was instituted with respect to membership of the Executive Committee, which read: “A system of rotation shall be operated in respect of service on the Executive Committee, as may be determined from time to time by the Council.”
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1975
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Education Committee Formally Adopted
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In view of the results of the Workshop on the Training of the Oral Surgeon in Madrid in 1974, a worldwide Education Committee was formed to continue the work started by Workshop Chairman Sir Terence Ward. Paul Bramley of Great Britain was selected to be Chairman of the new committee. The committee was charged with the following tasks, according to the Spring 1975 News Sheet:
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Register training requirements for oral surgical specialties throughout the world and amendments to such,
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Receive views on oral surgical training from national associations of oral surgeons, from IAOS Fellows and communities such as the EEC,
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Formulate the Committee’s own view, and
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Report on the training of the oral surgeon at the VIth ICOS in Sydney, Australia in 1977.
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Members of the Education Committee would serve until the VIth ICOS in 1977 when a new committee would be elected.
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Terminology Committee Approved
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Because the definition of oral surgery and the title of the specialty was under discussion in many countries, the IAOS Council decided that an IAOS committee should study the problem and report to the next ICOS. The Terminology Committee was chaired by the current IAOS President, Professor A.D. Macalister of New Zealand.
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Membership
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The IAOS had Fellows from 46 countries totaling 1,113 individual members in 1975, an increase of 65 new members over 1974.
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1976
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New IJOS Editor-in-Chief
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International Journal of Oral Surgery Editor-in-Chief Jens J. Pindborg handed over the reins of the publication on January 1, 1976 to Erik Hjorting-Hansen, Professor and Chairman of the Department of Oral Surgery of the Royal Dental College in Copenhagen. Dr. Hjorting-Hansen had worked closely with Dr. Pindborg as an Associate Editor for two years. The Journal would grow and prosper for 12 years under Hjorting-Hansen’s expert direction.
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The 1976 News Sheet reported that “At the start of a new Journal, it is always difficult to attract good papers. After four years of existence, it now seems that the Journal has been accepted by an international circle of authors. Not less than 19 different nations have had papers in the Journal in 1974.” The Journal’s subscription base consisted of 660 subscribers in 1976, enough to balance the budget.
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Membership
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Total Fellowship in the IAOS numbered 1,130 in February, 1976, representing 49 countries and 15 national associations. The annual fee for membership at the time was $15 USD. A request for affiliation, to be approved at the Sydney ICOS, was received by the Philippine College of Oral Surgeons.
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IAOS Scientific Program at the FDI Congress in Athens
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Under the Chairmanship of IAOS Executive Willem van der Kwast of Holland, an IAOS Scientific Program was held at the FDI Congress in Athens in 1976. The Congress was attended by more than 5,000 people and the IAOS program was attended by approximately 600 people. The theme of the IAOS Program was “Emergencies in Dental Practice.” Four Fellows of the IAOS were invited to speak: Dr. E. Machtens, West Germany; Prof. Dr. G. Boering; Dr. Victor Matukas, USA; Dr. M. Spengos, Greece. The
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Visit to India
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Secretary-General Jorgen Rud and IAOS Executive Member Andrew Linz visited India in March, 1976 to investigate the possibility of holding a future international conference in that country. They met with groups of Indian oral surgeons in New Delhi and Bombay and discussed the forming of an Indian Association of Oral Surgeons. An attempt was to be made to form such an Association before the next ICOS.
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Affiliation with Japanese Society of Oral Surgeons
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IAOS Secretary Jorgen Rud also visited Japan in 1976 to discuss the affiliation of the Japanese Society of Oral Surgeons to the IAOS. It was agreed that a yearly report on oral surgery in Japan with short summaries of principal oral surgical research papers published in the Japanese Journal of Oral Surgery be published in the International Journal of Oral Surgery. It was also expected that a large group of Japanese oral surgeons would attend the ICOS in Sydney the following year.
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New Chair of Education Committee
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Because of his increased work for the government, Paul Bramley of Great Britain asked to be relieved of his post as Chairman of the Education Committee in 1976. In his place the Executive Committee appointed David Gutman of Israel.
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Educational Foundation of the American Society Provides Training Grants
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The Educational Foundation of the American Society of Oral Surgeons began providing for two $5,000 USD grants annually for two trainees from countries other than the U.S. in oral and maxillofacial training. Applicants must have been accepted for an accredited position in an oral and maxillofacial surgery residency program in the U.S. and he/she must have agreed to return to a practice or teaching position related to oral and maxillofacial surgery in his/her own country upon completion of the residency program.
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1977
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6th ICOS Takes Place in Sydney, Australia
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6th ICOS Poster, Sydney, Australia
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Chairman of the Australian Organizing Committee was the current IAOS President, A.D. Macalister. Chairman of the Sydney Organizing Committee was G. Buchanan. A total of 557 persons—380 delegates and 177 associates from 28 countries—participated in the conference.
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The Scientific Program featured the following two Symposia: “Recent Advances in the Treatment of Facial Trauma,” and “Preprosthetic Surgery.” Seventy-two papers were given in three lecture theatres and 13 films were shown. The papers given in the Scientific Program were published in the “Conference Transactions,” which appeared as a special issue of the International Journal of Oral Surgery.
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The IAOS Committees on Education and Terminology also presented their suggestions at the ICOS in a discussion.
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Amendments to IAOS Regulations
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The Council approved the following amendments to IAOS Regulations during its meeting at the 6th ICOS:
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Members of the Executive Committee shall be eligible for re-election for no more than two consecutive terms unless they are serving on the Committee in an ex-officio capacity.
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It is the duty of the Executive Committee to establish policies for the organization and running of the ICOS.
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The Headquarters of the IAOS and the Secretariat shall be in a location designated by the Executive Committee.
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The Chairman of the Organizing Committee for the next Conference to serve without a vote.
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…make provision for at least TWO meetings of Council and at least one meeting of the General Assembly during each ICOS.
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IAOS Workshop on European OMS Held in Copenhagen
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For the development of international oral and maxillofacial surgery, it was determined desirable that a closer cooperation between the IAOS and oral and maxillofacial surgeons in Central Europe be established. Furthermore, as medical and dental specialties within the EEC countries were being harmonized at that time, the IAOS Executive Committee felt that a discussion of these matters should take place. The Executive Committee therefore decided to hold a Workshop in Copenhagen in February, 1977. In his Report to the Fellowship in the Autumn 1977 Newsletter, Prof. W.A.M. van der Kwast wrote: “The results of this meeting were not definitive, but the greatest value was most certainly in that the groups were brought together for a personal interchange of views rather than trying to achieve anything by correspondence…In the next triennium it is hoped that there will be further meetings of a similar nature.”
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Liaison with World Health Organization Established
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Through the efforts of IAOS senior member Professor David E. Poswillo and IAOS Secretary-General Jorgen Rud, the Association established a working contact with the World Health Organization in 1977.
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IAOS Conducts Scientific Program at FDI Annual Meeting
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At the FDI’s annual meeting in Toronto in 1977, the IAOS conducted a scientific program on “The Impacted 3rd Molar.” Over 250 dentists attended the presentations.
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Membership
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In March, 1977, membership in the IAOS stood at 1,216 Fellows from 53 countries. New affiliations approved at the Sydney ICOS were Japanese Society of Oral Surgeons, Hellenic Society of Oral Surgery (Greece), Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Kieferchirurgie of West Germany, Association of Oral Surgeons of India, Philippine College of Oral Surgeons and the Society of Maxillo-Facial and Oral Surgeons of South Africa.
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IJOS Subscriptions
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New subscribers to the International Journal of Oral Surgery received a special offer from the Publishers where the complete Volume 5, 1976 would be delivered free-of-charge to all IAOS Fellows who take out a subscription from the first issue of Volume 6, 1977. The offer was again repeated in 1978.
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IJOS Publisher Munksgaard agreed to increase the number of pages in each issue by 16 and the issue containing the Proceedings from the 6th ICOS were given free-of-charge to all subscribers. The special issue appeared in the early part of 1978.
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Report by Terminology Committee
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During its report to the IAOS Council at the Sydney ICOS, the Terminology Committee revealed its conclusions:
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“The future of our own specialty will be determined by our own range of professional competence and not by precise terminology.
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Oral Surgery—as presently defined—does not detract from the scope or the field of interest of our specialty. It would seem that the definition as presented to the General Assembly at the 2nd International Conference on Oral Surgery (namely “oral surgery is that part of dental surgery which deals with the diagnosis, the surgical and adjunctive treatment of the diseases, injuries and defects of the human jaws and associated structures”) equates perfectly well, both semantically and surgically with the expression of the title advocated by those who wish to include maxillo-facial surgery. The inclusion of the term ‘maxillo-facial’ surgery does not change the traditional practice or scope of oral surgery.
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The actual definition of the area of surgical interest could be restrictive and prevent logical and natural development. |
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There are signs that there is room for both types of specialty (Oral Surgery and Maxillo-Facial Surgery), and with a bilateral development of separate but overlapping specialties it is most likely that the two will complement each other. This should not pose any threat to oral surgery as we know it—‘provided that oral surgeons continue to behave as responsible professional men, especially in relation to their field of practice.’
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There will always be men with additional skills, training and qualifications who will extend their area of interest, e.g., ablative cancer surgery, etc. This group is, and always will be in the minority.
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Eventually there may be two types of oral surgeons, each acceptable in his own national situation, by virtue of his training or personal relationships with his surgical colleagues.
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It is not desirable or necessary at this stage to include the term ‘maxillo-facial’ in the title of the International Association of Oral Surgeons.
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It is not desirable to define the limits of our interest and activity.”
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1978
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Oral Cancer Subject of IAOS Presentation at FDI Meeting
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Under the direction of Dr. Victor M. Sada, the IAOS presented a Symposium on Oral Cancer at the 66th World Dental Congress in Madrid in 1978.
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Membership
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The IAOS totaled 1,296 Fellows in 1978 from 53 countries and 21 national associations and societies of oral surgeons.
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In a “Message from President van der Kwast” in the Spring 1978 Newsletter, Prof. van der Kwast noted the name change of the American Society of Oral Surgeons: “I have with satisfaction taken notice of the decision by the American oral surgeons to change the name of their organization. Their decision to become an Association and to affix Maxillofacial Surgery to their name, seems wise and constructive.”
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IJOS Increases in Size
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Due to the steady increase in the number of articles submitted to the International Journal of Oral Surgery by authors from all over the world since the Journal was begun seven years earlier, it became necessary to enlarge the publication from 64 to 80 pages per issue with six issues per year. Fellows of the IAOS did not automatically receive the IJOS in 1978; they had to subscribe individually. In order to show non-subscribing Fellows how the Journal had developed in recent years, the publisher and IAOS decided to send them a sample within the publishing year 1978. Fellows of the IAOS enjoyed a 25 percent discount on the subscription price and those who started their subscription with the first issue of 1979 received the complete 1978 volume free of charge while supplies lasted.
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1979
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Membership
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In 1979, 21 national associations of oral surgeons, representing 28 countries, were affiliated to the IAOS. Total membership numbered 1,333 Fellows from 53 countries.
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1980
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7th ICOS Held in Dublin, Ireland
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7th ICOS Poster, Dublin, Ireland.
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The 7th ICOS was enjoyed by over 900 attendees, of which there were 548 delegates. The conference was opened by the President of Ireland, Dr. Patrick J. Hillery, in St. Patrick’s Cathedral.
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Dr. Patrick Hillery
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The ICOS received a total of 138 abstracts. The Chairman of the Organizing Committee for VII ICOS was Professor Ian A. Findlay and the Chairman of the Scientific Program was Dr. Roy Whitlock.
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During a joint meeting of the Council, the Executive Committee and the IJOS Editor-in-Chief Prof. E. Hjorting-Hansen, it was decided to publish the transactions of the Dublin conference as a supplement to the Journal. It was distributed free-of-charge to everyone who had a reduced subscription to the Journal that year—by definition all Fellows of the IAOS. (The rate for IAOS Fellows was $69.85 USD/year in 1980 for six issues of approximately 80 pages each.) Subscribers at the normal rate were able to purchase the transactions at a cost of 20 English pounds per copy. It was reported at this meeting that the Journal had enjoyed a 10 percent increase in subscriptions over the previous year.
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The Autumn 1980 Newsletter reported that “Although not laid down in the constitution, a tradition has developed through the years, that the IAOS organizes a congress in Europe twice in a row and the third congress on one of the other continents. According to this formula, a congress was held in Sydney in 1977 and in Dublin in 1980. In 1983 the congress will once again be held in Europe.” Prof. Dr. Wilfred Schilli was chosen in Dublin to serve as Chairman of the Organizing Committee for VIII ICOS, to be held in West Germany.
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During the Council meeting at the ICOS, Dr. Slaughter of the USA proposed that the site of future ICOS be selected six years in advance.
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IAOS Name Change Proposed
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A representative of Australia and New Zealand proposed during the Council meeting in Dublin that the IAOS change its name to the International Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons—IAOMS.
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Honorary Fellowships
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The IAOS expressed its recognition of Dr. Patrick Hillery’s opening the conference by presenting him with Honorary Fellowship. The Executive Committee and the IAOS Council also unanimously decided to present Dr. Jorgen Rud with Honorary Fellowship in appreciation of his serving as Secretary-General for the previous six years.
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Post ICOS Conferences Held in West Germany and the Netherlands
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Two courses for IAOS Fellows were held immediately after the ICOS in Dublin:
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“Application of Bone Screws and Plates in Orthognathic Surgery,” held at the Clinic for Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery in Erlangen, West Germany, and
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An international post-conference meeting organized by the Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of the University of Groningen, the Netherlands, which covered several hot topics of the day, including laser-surgery, micro- and transplantation surgery, orthognathic and preprosthetic surgery, prevention of post-operative swelling, etc.
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Report of the Education Committee
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The Education Committee reported in the Autumn 1980 Newsletter that “The Committee believes, since educational systems vary so much from one country to another, that degree requirements and certification of training programs are not within the scope of this workshop. The document produced by the education committee should be considered as a guideline. It is a preliminary framework and if approved by the IAOS, should be studied and detailed in each of its aspects through future workshops.” For the purpose of producing such a document, the committee’s deliberations were based on the following definition of oral surgery: “Oral surgery is that part of surgery which deals with the diagnosis, the surgical and adjunctive treatment of the diseases, injuries and defects of the oral and maxillofacial region.” The term “oral surgery” in this document is used synonymously with the term “oral and maxillo-facial surgery.” The report went on to list the committee’s recommended guidelines for the education and training of the oral and maxillo-facial surgeon, which included:
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Basic Science Education—applicable knowledge in the basic preclinical sciences.
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Basic Clinical Edcation—which provides skills in physical examination and proficiency with other diagnostic methods, the capability to diagnose common dental and medical conditions, and understanding and skills in the general management of these conditions.
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Diseases of the teeth, periodontal structures and oral mucosa
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Trauma of the hard and soft tissues
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Congenital, developmental and acquired deformities and defects
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Tumors and cysts
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Infections and inflammations
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Oro-facial pain.
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Vice President Position Created
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At the Dublin ICOS, the decision was made to add a Vice President to the IAOS Executive Committee, who would serve for a three-year period, deputizing for the President, either at his request or in his absence and normally being President-Elect. Mr. Gordon Hardman (United Kingdom, North Wales) was nominated Vice President for the ensuing triennial period.
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Secretariat Moved from Copenhagen to Amsterdam
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With the transfer of the Secretary-General position from Jorgen Rud to Prof. Willem van der Kwast, the IAOS Secretariat likewise moved from Copenhagen to Amsterdam.
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Membership
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The cost of membership in the IAOS in 1980 remained $15 USD/year. Life Fellowships were still available for $300 USD.
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The members of the Societe de Stomatologie et de Chirurgie Maxillo-Faciale de France approved almost unanimously in 1980 to all become members of the IAOS, representing an increase in IAOS membership of approximately 200 new Fellows. The formal acceptance of IAOS membership did not transpire, however, until the Summer of 1982 after several pieces of correspondence went back and forth between the Societe and IAOS clarifying the IAOS’ published statements regarding the education and training of oral surgeons.
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The following national associations became affiliated with the IAOS in 1980: Association of Oral Surgeons in Ireland, Societe Royale Belge de Stomatologie et Chirurgie Maxillo-Faciale (Belgium), and Societe Francaise de Cirurgie Buccale (France).
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1981
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IAOS Presents Symposium on Surgical Errors at FDI Congress
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The 69th world congress of the FDI took place in Rio de Janeiro in September 1981. During the Congress the IAOS organized a symposium titled “Surgical Errors and Their Avoidance.”
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Membership
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Eight Fellows elected Life Fellowship in 1981.
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